考试知识点02 名词
高考考试频度:★★★★☆
【命题解析】
名词是中学习英语的主要词语之一,也是历年高考考试的要紧考试知识点。研究近年的高考考试题大家不难看出,名词部分主要考查名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配与主谓一致等。在高考考试考试试题中,名词常结合其他项目一块考查,考查题型以短文改错、完形填空、语法填空为主。
【命题预测】
预计2020年的高考考试名词在完形填空、短文改错及语法填空中仍会占有要紧地位。
【复习建议】
在学习过程中,要学会常用名词的基本使用方法,注意一词多义和旧词新义。另外要多概括,做题时要结合语境。
考向一 可数名词的复数
规则变化
状况 | 办法 | 例词 |
通常情况 | 加-s | students,teachers,doc tors,tables |
以s,x,ch,sh结尾 | 加-es | glasses,dishes,boxes,watches但stomach复数形式直接加s,即stomachs |
以辅音字母+y结尾 | 变y为i再加-es | families,babies,armies,bodies |
以元音字母+y结尾 | 加-s | boys,toys,pianos,photos |
以f或fe结尾 | 大都变f或fe为v,再加-es | thieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives |
少数加-s | beliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs | |
以o结尾 | 一般加-s | radios,videos,zoos,tobaccosplay |
有些加-es | heroes,potatoes,tomatoes |
注意:①以-o结尾的下列名词要加-es,它们是"黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿",即Negroes,heroes,echoes,potatoes,tomatoes。
但下列以-o结尾的名词既能够加-es,也可以加-s,它们是:zeros零,mosquitos 蚊子,volcanos火山。
②以-f或-fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉,加-ves,它们是"为了自己活命,小偷和他的老婆手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半",即selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves,wolves,halves。
但下列以-f结尾的名词既能够去掉f加-ves,也可以直接加-s,如:handkerchiefs 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰,变复数时,作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman doctor→women doctors
不规则变化
①容易见到单复数同形的名词
Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer鹿;series 系列;means 方法;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中fish,fruit表示类型时,可加复数词尾,即fishes,fruits。
②自己有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→childrenman男性→mentooth牙→teethfoot脚,英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micephenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media
5.【2019·新课标II卷·短文改错】Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different job I would like to do.
【答案】job改为jobs
【分析】考查名词的数。“job(工作;职业)”为可数名词,用different(不一样的)修饰时意思为不同类型的工作,应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
2.(2018·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______________________________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ______________________________ .
【答案】causes
【分析】考查单复数。一项研究表明,仅仅天天5到10分钟的跑步,就能降低各种缘由的心脏病和早亡。依据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
3.(2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错)Last winter when I went here(改为there) again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【分析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了很多只鸡。依据前文的dozens of可知,其后用名词复数形式。
4.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its TOP __________... The nursery team switches him every few __________ with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __________ other is with mum — she never suspects.
61.【答案】attraction
【分析】考查名词。 形容词TOP后面跟名词形式。
69.【答案】days
【分析】考查名词复数。few修饰复数名词。
考向二 不可数名词具体化
一般只用作不可数名词的名词:advice建议, furniture家具, fun乐趣;information信息,news新闻, weather天气, progress进步,wealth财富,value价值等。
不可数名词具体化
①具备某种特质、状况、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的定义时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:
单词 | 抽象名词意义 | 具体化名词意义 |
success | 成功 | 成功的人或事 |
pleasure | 乐趣 | 让人开心的事 |
beauty | 美;漂亮 | 漂亮的人或事物 |
comfort | 安慰;慰藉 | 让人感到安慰的人或事物 |
danger | 危险 | 危险的人或原因 |
delight | 开心 | 让人开心的事 |
failure | 失败 | 失败的人或事物 |
surprise | 惊奇 | 让人惊奇的事情 |
shock | 震撼 | 让人震撼的事情 |
pride | 骄傲 | 让人骄傲的事情 |
Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献必然会使这个事件非常成功。
②物质名词具体化
drink饮料→two drinks 两杯饮料coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔→a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发→a hair 一根头发
③抽象名词与a连用,淡化了抽象定义,转化为好像可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。比如:
Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,可以买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。
考向三 名词所有格
-’s所有格
①用and连接的并列名词的所有格要分两种状况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加-’s 或’;表示一同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s或’。
Tom’s and Jim’s rooms.汤姆和吉姆的房间。
Tom and Jim’s room.汤姆和吉姆的房间。
②表示门店、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。
at the barber’s在美容美发店
at the teacher’s在老师办公室
of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词一般用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
the content of the novel小说的内容
the name of the girl over there那边那位女生的名字
双重所有格
指"名词+of+名词所有格"或"名词+of+名词性物主代词"。
a play of Shakespeare’s
a friend of mine
__________
1. (2018·全国新课标卷II·短文改错)When I was little, Friday’s night was our family game night.
【答案】Friday’s改为Friday。
【分析】考查名词的格。名词作定语,总是表明被修饰名词的时间、地址、类别、目的或作用与功效、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并非所有关系,故把Friday’s改为Friday。
2.The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _________ walk.
A. a four hour B. a four hour’s C. a four-hours D. a four hours’
【答案】D
【分析】’s属格除去用在表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词后,有时还用于某些无生命的名词(如表示时间的名词)后,一般是在名词词尾加’s,假如该名词词尾已有-s或-es,则是在其后加"‘ "。故选D。
考向四 名词的语法功能
1.作主语
The young woman played an important part in the matter. 那年轻女性在这件事上举足轻重。
His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。
2.作宾语
(1)作及物动词的直接宾语
I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。
Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗?
(2)作及物动词的间接宾语。
I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。
She asked the doctor another question. 她问了大夫另一个问题。
(3)作介词的宾语。
After 20 years’ traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。
Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向父母要钱吗?
3.作表语
It’s a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。
She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也目前是教授而老公仍是个工人。
4.作宾语的补足语
They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词)
The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。
5.作定语
(1)直接作定语, 一般用单数形式。
college students大学生 girl friend女朋友 vegetable garden菜园 basketball match篮球赛
Let’s sTOP by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,大家的书店停一下吧!
He bought the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。
(2)名词所有格作定语。
students’ books学生用书
China’s capital中国的首都
the world’s population世界人口
(3)man,woman,gentleman作定语
man,woman,gentleman作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但需要随所修饰名词的数而定。
He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女大夫到大家村子来。
There are many men teachers in our school. 大家学校有不少男教师。
(4)某些常用复数的名词用作定语
某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。
arms production 武器生产 clothes shop服饰商店 sales department营业部 a goods train货车
savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department外语系
(5)单位名字、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中常常出现复数名词作定语。
Learning Skills center学习方法交流中心 The Boys Club 男生会所
(6)表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语必须要严格遵守习惯。
a peasant family/boy a worker’s family
(7)两种定语有时并存但意义不同。
women drivers女司机 the woman’s driver这位妇女的司机
girl friend女友 the girl’s friend 这女生的朋友
mother tongue母语 mother’s tongue妈妈的舌头
(8)名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特征或属性
gold watch 金表 golden watch 金色的表
6.作状语
时间名词、数目名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。
The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里
Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重10千克。
考试知识点五 疑难名词比较与辨析
1.force; energy; strength; power
force表示"力、力量"的意思。指为做或达成某事而实质运用的力量。
He overcame his bad habits by force of will.毅力使他克服了自己身上的不好的习惯。
Those people are the progressive forces in the society. 这类人是社会的进步力量。
energy主要强调"精力",指用来做某事或完成某事的能力。还可以指"能源"。
Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年轻人人一般此老年人精力充沛。
Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of energy. 不少国家正在提升天然气、风与其他能源形式的借助。
strength表示"力"的意思。指做事情的--种内在能力。就人而育,着重指力气;就物而言,着重指强度潜力等。
He lifted the stone with all his strength.他使出全身力气举起了那块石头。
The side man hasn’t got enough strength to get out of bed. 那位患者还没足够的力气下床。
power 表示 "能力、能量、动力"的意思。指身体上、心理上和道德上的能力。
Knowledge is power.常识就是力 量。
I shall do everything in my power to help you.我将尽我的能力帮你。
2.manner; means; method; way
manner表示"方法、办法"的意思。指个人喜欢使用的方法。
The manner of their meeting makes a good story. 他们相见的方法好像有的传奇色彩。
He has developed his own manner of acting. 它形成了自己独特的演出风格。
means表示"办法、方法 、工具"的意思。
Students sometimes support themselves by means of evening job. 学生有时通过晚上打工的办法来养活自己。
The quickest means of travel is by plane.最快的旅游工具是飞机。
Have you the means to support a family? 你有保持家的办法没?
method指做某事的具体步骤或程序,也指系统的、抽象定义的原理。
His idea is all right, but he lacks method.他的想法很好,但缺少办法。
He is a man of method.他是个有条理的人。
method of teaching 教学办法 method of study 学习技巧
Roasting is one method of cooking meat. 烤是做肉的一种办法。
way是最通用的词,也是最不正式的词,本义是"通道、通路",引申作"方法、办法"讲,含义非常广。
In this way over several days, the artist and his mice became friends. 就如此过了几天,这位艺术家和他的老鼠成了好朋友。
Look ! Work on it in this way. 看!像如此搞它。
My parents always let me have my own way of living.
At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics。
A. approaches B. means C. methods D. ways
【答案】D。
【分析】在会议上他们讨论了三种不一样的学数学的办法。way意为“方法,办法”,可指具体的办法,也可指抽象的办法,多指普通的思想、行动、办事的办法,也可指个人特殊的方法、办法。approach意为“接近,挨近,方法,办法”,指接近某人或某事,也可指对待或处置事情的方法或办法。mean意为“方法,办法”,用于抽象意义,可指为达到某一目的而使用的办法、计划、政策、方案等,尤指整套办法;用于具体意义,常指为达到某一目的所用的工具、材料、机器、 用具、车船等。method意为“方法,办法”,指具体的、系统的、有步骤的办法,强调条理性及高效率。
3.cosplayt; price; value; worth; expense
cosplayt表示"本钱、成本"的意思。 原指生产某种物品的本钱 ,包含生产中所支付的材料和劳动。一般要低于价格,有时也可用来泛指价格。也可用于借喻,指所付出的代价,甚至生命。
As a result, cosplayts will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此,本钱将会减少90% 之多。
China Daily has plenty of adverti百度竞价推广ents, which help to cut the cosplayts of making the newspaper. 《中国日报》刊登很多广告能够帮助减少报纸生产的本钱。
price表示"价格、价钱、定价"的意思。 指经营产品供应的单价,一般要高于产品的出厂本钱。也用于借喻,指做某事所付出的代价。
Can you try to get them to bring down the price? 你能把价格讲下来吗?
They can sell their beef at a high price in the capital. 他们可以在首都以高价供应他们的牛肉。
value表示"价值、价格"。指大家所估计一件东西的价值,因此是不可以 以资金估价的。
Instead, they are writing once more about things that are common for everyone: feeling alone in the modern world, the value of having good friends and so on. 他们目前再一次写常人常事——现代世界中的孤独感及交好朋友的价值等等。
The park is good value for the money.公园花这么多钱值得。
worth意思是价值。指东西本身的真的价值,是经久不变的,是可贵的。
It was worth five hundred francs at the most.它最多值500法郎。
He asked me how much this computer was worth. 他问我这台计算机值多少钱。
expense意思是"成本、支出、开销",指花费资金、时间和精力。
We travelled to France at our own expense. 大家自费去法国旅游了。
Do you know at whose expense your visit to Japan will be?你 了解哪个将担负你访问日本的成本吗?
4.land; ground; soil; earth
land表示"陆地、土地、地",是河流和海洋的相对用语。用于指土地或土壤时,着重指它的性质、作用与功效等。有时泛指大地,也可作"国家、地产"讲。
The rocky soil has been turned into rich land.岩石地已变成了沃土。
But some people don’t want good farm land to be built on. 但有的人不想把好的农田用来修建厂房。
To the sea captain’s surprise, he found that land travel could also be quite pleasant. 使那位船长吃惊的是,他发现陆地旅游也非常愉快。
ground表示"地、土地"的意思。主要指大地表面,也可以指土壤、场地。也可用于借喻指"依据、理由"。
He learnt how to clean rough ground before planting crops. 他掌握了在种植作物之前怎么样收拾毛糙的土地。
Then the Class 2 runner dropped his stick on the ground when he was passing it on to the fourth runner.然而,当二班运动员传给第四棒时,接力棒掉在地上了。
soil表示"土壤、土地",指可以成长植物且富有有机物的沃土,宜于农耕。
When the plants are in the ground, I’ll put some powder on the soil.当植物种到地里时,我将给地里撒些粉剂。
He studied how to improve soil conditions.他研究怎么样改变土壤环境。
earth表示"地、地球、泥土",着重指"大地",以别于天空。作"泥土"解时,常用于以别于坚硬的岩石。
Later, in a few weeks’ time I’ll put the little plants in the earth. 几星期后,我将把小植物埋在泥土里。
5.practice; exercise; training; drill
practice; exercise; training; drill都表示"训练、练习"的意思。
training表示"练习、培养、教练、训练"的意思。一般指对于身体的训练、对动物的练习、对士兵的练习等。
These football players had no strict training until they joined our club.这类足球队员直到加入大家会所才遭到严格的练习。
The athlete is in training.这个运动员训练得好。
The home training of children is the first class social problem. 儿童的家庭教育是社会的头等问题。
exercise主要指为提升方法或业务水平而规定的"训练或体格训练"。
The book contains a series of graded exercises adapted to the use of beginners. 书中有一系列按难易排列的训练适于新手应用。
You need more outdoor exercise.你需要多进行户外运动。
practice主要指合法的、有条理的、不断反复的 "训练"或把理论道理贯彻在行动中的 "实践"。
More practice will make you speak with greater fluency. 多训练会使你口语更流利。
The integration of theory and practice is one of the basic points of Marxism. 理论和实践的统一是马克思主义的基本论点之一。
drill表示"操练、练习"的意思。一般指严格的练习或反反复复训练或军事上的练兵。
Let’s do some pattern drills.咱们做些句型训练吧。
The soldiers were at drill in the barrack yard.士兵们在营场上操练。
6.sign; signal; mark; symbol
sign表示 "符号、记号、招牌"等意思。是最普通的用语,指一个具备公认意义的、简单的、随便拟定的代表物。
Letters are signs used to represent sounds.字母是用来代表声音的符号。
You’ll see the sign for the rest rooms.你将看到休息室的指示牌。
signal表示 "暗号、信号"的意思。有时是有意的;有时是无意的。有意的,如强风讯号、求救信号等。
There the electrical signal is changed back into sound. 在那儿电信号又变成声音。
mark表示 "痕迹、记号、商标、特点、分数"的意思。指印在物品上的记号,可用在好坏两个方面。作动词时,表示"标明、作记号"的意思。
He got full marks in his maths test. 他在数学测试中得了满分。
Each stone was marked with a number. 每一个石头上都标明号码。
symbol表示 "象征"的意思,特别强调故意用来包括某一特定意义的东西,或故意构成的传达某一特定意义的事物。
a good luck symbol 好运势的象征
The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a symbol of courage and power. 狮子被看作百兽之王,是由于它是勇气与权利的象征。
1. (2018·天津卷·单项填空)The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【分析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性一直勉励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀请。故选C。
2. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give you any direct________.
A. solution B. target C. measure D. function
【答案】A
【分析】 句意:学校顾问会助你梳理一下你的问题,但他们不会给你任何直接的解决方法。本题考查名词辨析。solution 解决问题的方法;target目的,靶子;measure手段;function功能,用途。依据句意可知选A。
3.(2017年新课标I卷完形填空)Before the school year______________________________,I gave the kids a special __________, T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your__________” on them. I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词)may seem dull ,most of the______________________________ things they do.
48.A.lesson B. gift C. report D. message
49. A. Friends B. Awards C. Masters D. Tasks
48.【答案】B
【分析】考查名词辨析,A.lesson课,教训, B.gift礼物, C.report 报告,D.message信息,依据后文可知作者送给Freddy一件衬衣,即一个特殊的礼物,故选B。
49.【答案】A
【分析】考查名词辨析。A.Friends 朋友,B.Awards奖, C.Masters 主人,D.Tasks任务。衬衣上写着“动词是你的朋友”,故选A。
4. (2017年北京卷完形填空)… In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities, she has received a lot of __________.For example, she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the __________ of young people to change the world….
51. A. praises B. invitations C. replies D. appointments
52. A. needs B. interests C. dreams D. efforts
51.【答案】A
【分析】考查名词。A. praises赞美B. invitations邀请C. replies回复D. appointments约会。她收到了不少的赞美。由于下文有这方面的举例,给她颁奖,故答案为A。
52. 【答案】D
【分析】考查名词。A. needs 需要 B. interests 兴趣C. dreams梦想D. efforts努力。此处是指这个奖项是为了认同青年改变这个世界所作出的努力,依据句意可知选D。
5 The accident caused some ________ to my car,but it’s nothing serious.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
【答案】D
【分析】考查名词。damage指用价值遭到损毁, 这种损毁是部分性的,不是完全,依据语境"it is nothing serious"所以选D。harm指肉体上或精神上的伤害。injury指人在事故中受伤。ruin 多用于借喻之中,常常指把某物损毁到了不可以再用的程度。
题组一(考试真题在线)
1.(2019·江苏)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
2.(2019·天津)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
3.(2018·江苏)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
4.(2016·天津)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance
5.(2016·江苏) — Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt
6. (2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)______________________________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side __________ such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
7.(2015·湖北)He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task.
A. emotion B. talent C. identity D. treasure
8.(2015·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some ______ and then let me know.
A. thought B. support C. protection D. authority
9.(2015·江苏)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
—I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______ .
A. requests B. excuses C. apologies D. regrets
10.(2015·江苏)Some schools will have to make ______ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A. judgments B. adjustments C. comments D. achievements
题组二
1.(2015·福建)The failure was a big __________to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
A. blow B. issue C. excuse D. Factor
2.(2015·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce __________ is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.
A. production B. stress C. energy D. passive
3.It is believed that very little _____has been made of the waste materials from factories in the past decades, which on the contrary has brought pollution to the environment.
A. cosplayt B. use C. value D. action
4.England is a multicultural society and welcomes a variety of cultures which add a __________ to our daily lives.
A. collision B. dimension C. dilemma D. privilege
5.Lots of campaigns have occurred in China to defend the Nansha Islands recently. What is your _________ of the situation?
A. intention B. assessment C. attitude D. appointment
6.My morning ________ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.
A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine
7.Harry has been out of work for six months, so he has difficulty __________.
A. earning livings B. earning his living
C.to earn livings D.to earn his living
8.The role will be the biggest __________of his acting career.
A. conclusion B. challenge C. explanation D. approach
9.Finding the window was broken, he asked whose __________it was.
A. mistake B. error C. fault D. responsibility
10.She does exercise every morning to keep her __________.
A. figure B. nature C. image D. character
题组三
语篇填空
A strong memory depends __________ the health and vitalityof your brain. Humans are__________ social animals, so relationships stimulateour brains — in fact, interacting with __________ may be the best brain exercise.
Having __________ relationships is not only vital to emotional health, but also to brain health. In one recent study from the Harvard School of Public Health, for example, researchers found that people with the most active social life had the __________ rate of memory deterioration.
And moreover, you’ve heard that laughter is the best medicine for the brain as __________ as the body. As psychologist Daniel __________ in his book Emotional Intelligence, "Laughter seems to help people think more broadly and associate more freely."
When you hear laughter, move toward it. Most of the time, people are very happy __________ something funny because it gives them an opportunity to laugh together.
Please spend time with those __________ laugh easily — both at themselves and at life’s humorous events. Surround yourself with reminders to lighten up. Keep __________ toy on your desk or in your car. Put up a funny poster in your office. Choose a computer screen saver that makes you laugh.
题组一
1.A 【分析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅游的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和赏析风景。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion比率,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
2. B 【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:大家可以看到AI在很多方面已经对大家的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判断力判断”。故选B。
3.D 【分析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意:试着去理解实质发生的事情,而不是根据你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配;B. association交往;C. acquisition获得;D. assumption假设。故选D。
4.D 【分析】句意:天气预报说今天会是多云,后半夜可能有雨。A.影响;B.感觉;C.改变;D.机会,可能性。故选D。
5.A 【分析】考查名词词义辨析。recipe诀窍,菜谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收据,收据;句意:—你能告诉我你对幸福长寿的秘密吗?—当然是尽情享受每一天。依据句意可知A项意为"诀窍",与上下文相符。
6. effects 【分析】考查单复数。剖析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些不为人知的不良反应”,依据前文的some可知“side effect”有不少,故填effects。
7.C 【分析】句意:他实行一项秘密任务时,给自己起了一个新的名字来掩盖身份。A项"情绪";B项
"才能";C项"身份";D项"财富"。故选C项。
【名师点睛】考生解答本题的重点是抓住题干中的关键字"secret task(秘密任务)"和" gave himself a new name(给自己取了个新名字)",然后推知一定是为了"hide his identity(掩藏身份)",从而锁定正确答案。
8.A 【分析】句意:目前不必告诉我答案,你再考虑一下,之后告诉我。A考虑;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。这里指让他们再好好想想,故选A。
9.C 【分析】句意:——Dave,去跟你的母亲道歉。——我想如此做,但我担忧她对我的道歉不认可。A项"请求";B项"借口";C项"道歉";D项"遗憾,后悔"。故选C项。
10.B 【分析】句意:为了与国家的足球改革相适应,一些学校需要做出调整。A项"判断,决断";B项"调整";C项"评价,评论";D项"收获"。故选B项。
【名师点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。四个选项都可以跟前面的动词make搭配。因此,考生除去要充分借助特定语境理解词义,还应注意多积累可以跟同一动词搭配的名词。另外还可以借助固定搭配排除C项make本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。comments on"对……做出评价/评论",缩小正确答案的范围。
题组二
1.A 【分析】blow打击; issue问题;excuse借口;factor要点。句意:这个失败对他来讲是一个打击,但他没泄气,非常快振作恢复了原来的热情。故选A
2.B 【分析】句意:一种效果最好的减压办法就是和你感觉信赖的人谈谈你的想法。production商品, stress重压, energy能源, passive力量。依据知识可知,和其他人谈心应该来讲是减压。所以答案是B.。
3.B 【分析】考查名词词义辨析。句意为:有人觉得在过去几十年里,来自工厂的废料的借助率非常小,这反而给环境带来了污染。make use of是固定搭配,表示"借助",故B项正确。
4.B 【分析】考查名词辨析。collision碰撞;dimension方面;dilemma困境;privilege特权。句意:英国是一个多元文化的社会,它欢迎为大家平时生活增添内容的各种文化。故选B。
5.B 【分析】考查名词词义辨析。intention意图,计划;assessment评估,评价;attitude态度;appointment约定,约会。句意:在中国,为了守卫南沙群岛,拓展了很多的运动。你对形势有哪些评估?依据句意,B选项正确。attitude要和介词to/toward连用。
6.D【分析】考查名词。句意:我早上要做的事包含在公园慢走和吃早餐时读报。drill"操练,(反复)训练"; action"行动,行为"; regulation"规则,规章"; routine"常规,平时事务"。 故选D。
7.B 【分析】考查固定短语。句意:Harry已经失业六个月了,因此他谋生有困难。have difficulty doing sth.意为"做某事有困难",earn one’s living意为"谋生",都是固定短语,故选B项。
8.B 【分析】考查名词辨析。句意:饰演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。challenge"挑战",符合句意。
9.C 【分析】考查名词。句意:发现窗户被打破了,他问那是哪个的过错。mistake指判断或理解方面,或因考虑不周而导致的错误;error 常指违反肯定标准而犯的错误;fault 表示过失,侧重于所要承担责任的过错;responsibility指责任。依据句意可知,此处指把窗户打破了的过错,故选C。
10.A 【分析】考查词语辨析。句意:她天天早上做运动以维持身材。figure"身材,身段",符合句意。
题组三
语篇填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。记忆力取决于健康情况和大脑的活力。要紧的人际关系和大笑有益大脑。
1.on
【分析】考查固定短语。depend on"依靠,取决于",是固定短语。故填介词on。
2.highly
【分析】考查副词。依据语境和句子结构可知,此处该用副词修饰形容词social,highly意为"很地,高度地",表示抽象意义。而high也可用作副词,但表示具体意义上的"高"。
3.others
【分析】考查不定代词。由上文中的social animals和relationships可知,此处表示与"其他人"互动。
4.meaningful
【分析】考查形容词。依据语境可知,此处表示"要紧的"人际关系,故用mean的形容词形式作定语,修饰relationships。
5.slowest
【分析】考查形容词最高级。依据上文提到的与人交往有哪些好处与空前的"the most active social life"可知,此处表示"记忆力降低得最慢",应用最高级形式。
6.well
【分析】考查固定短语。对身体和大脑来讲,微笑是良药。as well as表示"和",是固定短语。
7.notes
【分析】考查时态。剖析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词。文章的主体时态为一般目前时,且此处描述的是事实,故应用一般目前时;再结合从句的主语Daniel可知,此处应用动词的第三人称单数形式。
8.to share
【分析】考查非谓语动词。依据be happy to do sth."乐于做某事"可知,此处应填不定式to share。
9.who
【分析】考查关系代词。空处引导一个定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,依据句意及先行词those可知,此处应用指人的关系代词who。
10.a
【分析】考查不定冠词。toy是可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,此处表示泛指,故应用a。